For example a company formulates a new policy context factor which may promote the interest of the worker in the work itself content factor or improve his likelihood of successful performance. Herzberg was the first to show that satisfaction and dissatisfaction at work nearly always arose from different factors, and were not. Frederick herzbergs theory of motivation is also called two factor theory, dual factor theory and hygiene maintenance theory of motivation. Unlike maslows theory, herzbergs motivationhygiene theory claims that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction result from different causes. Using frederick herzberg s twofactor theory as the framework, it analyzed how motivation, hygiene, and demographic factors affect the job satisfaction of disaster responders. This theory is based on the information collected by him and his associates in the usa in 1959 by interviewing two hundred engineers and accountants. This often has something to do with socalled hygiene factors, such as salary and work conditions. In 1959, frederick herzberg, a behavioral scientist proposed a twofactor theory or the motivatorhygiene theory. Frederick herzberg was a behavioral scientist who explored the factors that make employees feel satisfied or dissatisfied. Frederick herzberg the hygiene motivation theory cmi. For example, bad working conditions are likely to be a source of.
Frederick hertzbergs two factor theory essays 668 words. The main concept of this theory is the difference between motivation factors and hygiene factors. The hygienemotivation or two factor theory resulted from research with two hundred pittsburgh engineers and accountants. The twofactor theory also known as herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and dualfactor theory states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction, all of which act independently of each other. Maslow states that people are motivated by unmet needs which are in a hierarchical order that prevents us from being motivated by a need area unless all lower level needs have been met. Twofactor theory, theory of worker motivation, formulated by frederick herzberg, which holds that employee job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are influenced by separate factors. Adapting herzbergs two factor theory to the cultural. The theory was highly controversial at the time it was published, claims to be the most replicated study in this area, and provided the foundation for numerous other theories and frameworks in human resource development herzberg, 1987. Beth polin department of management, marketing, and international business this study attempts to fully investigate the wellresearched and worldrenowned theory the two factor theory of motivation by frederick herzberg. Herzberg s theory frederick herzberg s motivationhygiene theory on job satisfaction is considered to be one of the most revolutionary research in this arena. Herzberg s twofactor theory of motivation in 1959, frederick herzberg, a behavioural scientist proposed a twofactor theory or the motivatorhygiene theory. Herzberg developed this motivation theory during his investigation of 200 accountants and engineers in the usa.
Given the limitations in providing monetary rewards as an incentive in the public sector, herzbergs twofactor theory of motivation can be promising if it is applicable to public employees. According to the twofactor theory a distinction has to be made in the workplaces between motivators and. Abstractthe validity of herzbergs twofactor theory of motivation was tested empirically by surveying 2372 chemical fiber employees in 2012. Frederick hertzbergs twofactor theory research methodology. Herzbergs twofactor theory of motivation simplest explanation ever herzbergs twofactor theory is a motivational theory used in business to. The psychologist fredrick herzberg asked the same question in the 1950s. Herzberg analysed the job attitudes of 200 accountants and engineers who were asked to recall when they had felt positive or negative at work and the reasons why. These attempt to explain the factors that motivate individuals through identifying and satisfying their individual needs, desires and the aims pursued to satisfy these desires.
Maslows theory has suggested that the six constructs, i. Adapting herzbergs two factor theory to the cultural context of romania 5. The study was conducted by means of a systematic research of a representative sample of the literature available on herzbergs twofactor theory. The herzberg two factor theory is a theory about motivation of employees. Frederick herzbergs twofactor theory is also known as the motivationhygiene theory.
The key factor that differentiates twofactor theory is the idea of expectation. Frederick herzberg s twofactor theory of motivation motivationhygiene. Herzbergs theory frederick herzbergs motivationhygiene theory on job satisfaction is considered to be one of the most revolutionary research in this arena. Frederick herzberg a wellknown management theorist developed a specific content theory of work motivation. Satisfaction and psychological growth are a result factor of motivation factors. These two factors that have an effect on job satisfaction are divided into two sets of categories.
Herzbergs two factor theory is a content theory of motivation the other main one is maslows hierarchy of needs. In 1959, frederick herzberg, a behavioural scientist proposed a twofactor theory or the motivatorhygiene theory. This study identifies the effects of motivators and hygiene factors on public managers job satisfaction, and finds out if there is difference, compared to how privatesector. In the valid sample of 1875 respondents, the degree of overall job satisfaction was more than moderate. Herzbergs twofactor theory american psychologist frederick herzberg is regarded as one of the great original thinkers in management and motivational theory. Testing herzbergs twofactor theory of motivation in the. What is the herzberg two factor theory of motivation.
Frederick herzbergs two factor theory of motivation is based on his research conducted among 200 accountants and engineers of pittsburgh area, u. One such theory of motivation is herzbergs two factor theory. Herzberg developed the twofactor theory of motivation from an outline learned in nearly 4,000 interviews when questioned what turned them on or pleased them about their work, participants spoken primarily about elements pertaining to the nature of the. Frederick herzbergs two factor theory motivation hygiene. Herzbergs two factor motivation theory herzbergs two factor theory sometimes dual factor theory or herzberg motivation theory is one of the motivation theories and it suitably complements, for example, maslows pyramid. Herzbergs motivation hygiene two factor theory, 3 mcgregors x y theories, and 4 mcclel lands need for achievement theory.
Frederick herzbergs two factor theory explanined peakon. Herzbergs two factor motivation theory managementmania. According to herzberg, there are some job factors that result in satisfaction while there. Motivated a word youll read a lot in this article by his interest in mental health, the american psychologist carried out an influential study into employees attitudes to their jobs. The purpose of the study is to develop the herzberg theory and its possible application to an organization as a means of increasing workers productivity. Implications, limitations of twofactor theory of motivation. From a theoretical perspective, herzbergs motivation theory can be perceived as having similarities to maslows.
The twofactor theory states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction, all of which act independently of each other. Herzbergs two factor theory of motivation theory of. Motivationhygiene theory is also known as herzbergs twofactor theory or herzbergs dualfactor theory 1959. Herzberg developed the twofactor theory of motivation from an outline learned in nearly 4,000 interviews. Twofactor theory of motivation hygiene and motivational. Accordingly, herzbergs twofactor theory posits that a good leader would give motivation to the members of staff in the organisation so that they would do their job well yusoff et al. Frederick hertzbergs two factor theory 19232000 bibliography of frederick hertzberg frederick hertzberg was born on 18th april 1923 in lynn, massachusetts. A major work in the field of employee motivation is done by frederick hertzberg 1964 that includes twofactor theory among other works of the author. Pdf application of frederick herzbergs twofactor theory in. In 1959, herzberg, mausner and snyderman dropped a bombshell on the traditional view of job satisfaction by introducing motivatorhygiene theory and challenged to the established model of job satisfaction. Herzberg set out to determine the effect of attitude on motivation, by simply asking people to describe the times when they felt really good, and really bad, about their jobs. Motivationhygiene theory sometimes known as herzbergs two factor theory. This paper critically examines frederick herzbergs two factors theory of job satisfaction and its application to business research.
This theory assumes on the one hand, that employees can be dissatisfied with their jobs. These factors are the hygiene factors and motivators. Herzberg two factor theory human resource management. Another criticism was on herzberg s classification system in which he was inconsistent in categorizing the factors. Herzbergs motivation hygiene theory applied to high. The two factor theory of motivation explains the factors that employees find satisfactory and nonsatisfactory in their place of employment. Frederick herzberg in his publication the motivation to work 1959 claimed that he executed examinations to determine which elements in an employees work environment triggered satisfaction or dissatisfaction. This paper critically examines frederick herzbergs twofactor theory and assesses its application and relevance in understanding the essential factors that motivate the ghanaian worker. Herzberg analysed the job attitudes of 200 accountants and engineers who were asked to recall when they had felt. In addition to providing an overview of herzbergs two factortheory, well also discuss how it relates to abraham maslows hierarchy of needs and the impact that the two factor theory poses for. Towards understanding controversy on herzberg theory of. It was developed by psychologist frederick herzberg. Herzeeflg twofactor theory developwr herzbergs twofactor theory of jobsatisfaction is not new, as a ratter of fact, it dates back to 1959 a is the outgrowth of a research study project on job attitudes conducted by herzberg, mausner and snyderman. He published his findings in the 1959 book the motivation to work.
Based on his research, herzberg argued that meeting the lower level needs hygiene factors of individuals would not motivate them. In fact, from a practical perspective, the influence of herzbergs motivation theory can be seen at every organizational level as well as within every department. This theory of motivation is known as a two factor content. Job satisfaction from herzbergs two factor theory perspective. Herzberg s motivation theory model goes by a number of different names, including two factor theory, herzberg s motivationhygiene theory, and duel structure theory. Twofactor theory was formulated by frederick herzberg in 1959. The hygiene factors when present are characterized by. Herzberg s belief is that job enrichment should give people the opportunity to use. Herzbergs twofactor theory 3 herzberg published the twofactor theory of work motivation in 1959. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory two factor theory to better understand employee attitudes and motivation, frederick herzberg performed studies to determine which factors in an employees work environment caused satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Introduction there are numerous motivation theories that have influenced the.
We will use these terms interchangeably in this article. Application of frederick herzbergs twofactor theory in assessing and understanding employee motivation at work. The two factor theory has had a considerable amount of practical and as well as theoretical influences. The twofactor theory also known as herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and dualfactor theory states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. Frederick herzberg, in the 1960s and had an influence on methods of job redesign. Herzbergs two factor theory is considered a heavyweight among the classical theories. In 1959, frederick herzberg, a behavioural scientist proposed a. Content theories of motivation herzbergs motivation theory is one of the content theories of motivation. Read this article to learn about herzbergs two factor theory of motivation. The frederick herzberg two factor theory of motivation explains the motivation and performance of employees using hygiene factors and motivation factors.
Herzbergs twofactor theory, mcclellands need theory, and maslows hierarchy of needs all talk about higherlevel psychological needs such as achievement, recognition, responsibility, and advancement. Frederick herzbergs twofactor theory of motivation youtube. Examining herzbergs two factor theory in a large chinese. The twofactor theory developed from data collected by herzberg from interviews with 203 engineers and. Critics argue that the theory is inadequate because it does not take into account situational variables, the measures of satisfaction are questionable, and it tends to assume that job satisfaction will lead to improvement in. He did this by interviewing over 200 professionals.
Frederick herzberg 19232000, clinical psychologist and pioneer of job enrichment, is regarded as one of the great original thinkers in management and motivational theory. This theory is closely related to maslows hierarchy of needs but relates more specifically to how individuals are motivated in work place. Satisfaction and psychological growth was a factor of motivation factors. He did his undergraduate work at ccny city college of new york.